CentOS应用

本文更新于 2018.11.30

CentOS7.3Minimal从零配置C/C++开发环境

VMware Workstation虚拟机环境, 系统为CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1611.

  1. 安装以下软件包:

    vim
git
gcc
gcc-c++
cmake
gdb
open-vm-tools (可选, 共享文件夹,和本机时间同步等)
unzip

  2. 配置vim+YouCompleteMe等插件环境

    • 安装 python-devel

    • git clone https://github.com/VundleVim/Vundle.vim.git ~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim

    • 构造~/.vimrc, 在里面配置要装的plugin, 比如:

      """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Vundle
set nocompatible              " be iMproved, required
filetype off                  " required

" set the runtime path to include Vundle and initialize
set rtp+=~/.vim/bundle/Vundle.vim
call vundle#begin()
" alternatively, pass a path where Vundle should install plugins
"call vundle#begin('~/some/path/here')

" let Vundle manage Vundle, required
Plugin 'VundleVim/Vundle.vim'

" The following are examples of different formats supported.
" Keep Plugin commands between vundle#begin/end.
" plugin on GitHub repo
Plugin 'Lokaltog/vim-powerline'
Plugin 'Valloric/YouCompleteMe'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/molokai'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/DoxygenToolkit.vim'
Plugin 'vim-scripts/cpp_cppcheck.vim'
" plugin from http://vim-scripts.org/vim/scripts.html
"Plugin 'L9'
"Plugin 'DfrankUtil'
" Git plugin not hosted on GitHub
"Plugin 'git://git.wincent.com/command-t.git'
" git repos on your local machine (i.e. when working on your own plugin)
"Plugin 'file:///home/gmarik/path/to/plugin'
" The sparkup vim script is in a subdirectory of this repo called vim.
" Pass the path to set the runtimepath properly.
"Plugin 'rstacruz/sparkup', {'rtp': 'vim/'}
" Avoid a name conflict with L9
"Plugin 'user/L9', {'name': 'newL9'}

" All of your Plugins must be added before the following line
call vundle#end()            " required
filetype plugin indent on    " required
" To ignore plugin indent changes, instead use:
"filetype plugin on
"
" Brief help
" :PluginList       - lists configured plugins
" :PluginInstall    - installs plugins; append `!` to update or just :PluginUpdate
" :PluginSearch foo - searches for foo; append `!` to refresh local cache
" :PluginClean      - confirms removal of unused plugins; append `!` to auto-approve removal
"
" see :h vundle for more details or wiki for FAQ
" Put your non-Plugin stuff after this line
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" YCM
" 允许自动加载.ycm_extra_conf.py，不再提示
let g:ycm_confirm_extra_conf=0
" 补全功能在注释中同样有效
let g:ycm_complete_in_comments=1
" 开启tags补全引擎
let g:ycm_collect_identifiers_from_tags_files=1
" 键入第一个字符时就开始列出匹配项
let g:ycm_min_num_of_chars_for_completion=1
" 语法关键字补全
let g:ycm_seed_identifiers_with_syntax=1
" YCM相关快捷键
nnoremap <leader>gl :YcmCompleter GoToDeclaration<CR>
nnoremap <leader>gf :YcmCompleter GoToDefinition<CR>
nnoremap <leader>gg :YcmCompleter GoToDefinitionElseDeclaration<CR>
map <F4> :YcmDiags<CR>
map <F5> :lclose<CR>

"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
" Doxygen
let g:DoxygenToolkit_authorName="zzqcn"
let g:DoxygenToolkit_enhanced_color=1
let g:DoxygenToolkit_versionTag=0
let g:DoxygenToolkit_versionString=0

    • 启动vim, 执行命令 :PluginInstall (等待下载插件)

    • cd ~/.vim/bundle/YouCompleteMe, 由于此CentOS安装的vim版本为7.4.160, 而YouCompleteMe git仓库最新版本要求7.4.1568+, 因此需要回退到老版本. 当然也可以下载vim新版本源码并编译, 要编译它又需要安装一堆软件包, 而且可能C/C++环境也需要更新, 太麻烦. 直接运行

      • git reset --hard 61b5aa7
      • ./install.py --clang-completer (编译C/C++支持)

  3. 在命令行显示当前分支, 见 https://zzqcn.github.io/tools/git/tricks.html#id2

网络配置失败,显示Failed to start LSB: Bring up/down networking

假设要配置的接口是ens33,

  1. 确认/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 中的MAC地址 配置正确, 即HWADDR的值

  2. 如果HWADDR正确还报此错误, 运行:

    systemctl stop NetworkManager
systemctl disable NetworkManager

  3. 运行service network restart即可

共享CentOS虚拟机上的文件给Windows本机访问

以下操作都需要root权限.

  1. yum install samba

  2. 编辑 /etc/samba/smb.conf, 内容如下:

    [global]
        workgroup = WORKGROUP
        security = user

        passdb backend = tdbsam

        printing = cups
        printcap name = cups
        load printers = yes
        cups options = raw

[dev]
        path = /home/zzq
        public = yes
        writable = yes
        create mask = 0644
        directory mask = 0755

    配置重点:

    • [global]中的workgroup要设成和本机工作组一致.
    • [dev]是共享的虚拟目录名, 从windows访问时将看到名为dev的共享目录
    • path为要共享的实际目录
    • public = yes, 允许所有用户访问, 如果只允许某些用户访问, 则使用 valid users = aaa bbb 这样的设置, aaa,bbb为用户
    • writable = yes, 允许写操作
    • create mask = 0644, 设置新建文件权限, 使得新建文件不带有可执行属性

  3. 设置用户访问密码. 这里为了方便, 没有创建新用户, 直接使用已有用户zzq:

    smbpasswd -a zzq

  4. 关闭SELinux.

    • 临时关闭 setenforce 0;
    • 永久关闭, 修改/etc/selinux/config, 将 SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled , 重启即可

注解

如果不想关闭SELinux, 可以运行 setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs=1 开启samba用户HOME目录的权限, 共享其他目录及权限设置方法请查询selinux+samba.

  1. 在防火墙上开放samba所用端口:

    firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=139/tcp
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=445/tcp
systemctl restart firewalld

  2. 启动samba服务, 并设置为开机启动:

    systemctl enable smb.service
systemctl restart smb.service

  3. 在windows上通过 \\<虚拟机IP> 这样的地址在资源管理器访问即可

安装pip

步骤:

yum -y install epel-release
yum install python-pip
pip install --upgrade pip